According to the Routledge Encyclopaedia
of Philosophy, free will is:
the conventional name of a topic
that is best discussed without reference to the will. Its central questions are
‘What is it to act (or choose) freely?’ and ‘What is it to be morally
responsible for one’s actions (or choices)...According to compatibilists,
freedom is compatible with determinism because freedom is essentially just a
matter of not being constrained or hindered in certain ways when one acts or
chooses. Thus, normal adult human beings in normal circumstances are able to
act and choose freely. No one is holding a gun to their heads. They are not
drugged, or in chains, or subject to a psychological compulsion. They are
therefore wholly free to choose and act even if their whole physical and
psychological make-up is entirely determined by things for which they are in no
way ultimately responsible – starting with their genetic inheritance and early
upbringing.
The
passage quoted above asks some intriguing questions, makes important points and
interesting arguments about free will.
The questions it poses is “what is it to act (or choose) freely?” A
free mind, the ability to choose and act freely are difficult questions indeed,
because there are certain criteria that have to be met for people to choose
freely. Ideally, people would need to
live in a free society, with free institutions, a free functioning media, the
freedom to speak and think independently and so on. There are other factors too, for example
state educational institutions and the church. The individual who follows faith
and not reason is free to make that choice, but after the choice is made for
whatever misguided reason, it is clear that person’s choices and decisions are
not entirely free. Religious texts and
the church dictate to them. If you ask a
Christian about their views on the Bible, it would be like asking a
misogynist’s views on Feminism. Therefore,
the person who follows faith over reason can never be free to make
choices. They therefore do not have free
will.
Take
state education, the linguist and philosopher Noam Chomsky, says, “Education is
a system of imposed ignorance”. State
education is a indoctrinal system, its aim is to indoctrinate people and
prohibit them from thinking freely. It
attempts to turn the student into a patriot, a nationalist, subjecting them to
misinformation, using subtle pieces of propaganda. This prevents people from thinking
independently and freely; even the schoolteacher is trapped in this indoctrinal
system. A “criteria” is created on what
children MUST be taught, with no say, and no independence. The child will grow up making irrational
arguments, they are part of a mysterious, mythical world where only fictitious
fantasies exist; they are not living in the real world, they are therefore
unfree to think independently, they indeed have no free will.
The
media in no society is free, its main function is to control the population and
it does a good job of it. If millions of
people believe the press is free, when it is not, how can these people have
free will? Just by reading these nonsense
gossip magazines, it is reducing people’s capacity to think, and this is
something a great deal of people are unaware of. Newspapers form people’s opinions and in time
become illiberal, more right wing or whatever. The racist in modern society is
often told it is wrong to hold such contemptible views, the homophobic is told
the same, and it prohibits free thought.
The Marxist, the Anarchist, the libertarian are rare. Why is this?
That is a very simple question to answer. What news channels contain the
views of Anarchists and Marxists, what newspapers do, and how often are these
views expressed in the mass media? The
mass media reading public have no free will whatsoever.
I
come back to the original question “what is it to act (or chooses)
freely?” People have choices, that is
true, what they do not have is the freedom to choose freely, there are so many
external factors involved. “Normal adult
human beings in normal circumstances are able to act and choose freely”. That is not the case at all; people have no
real freedom in state capitalist societies.
People in these societies are turned into mindless machines in the
workplace. It prevents us from thinking freely, and with being subject to
popular culture, that in itself makes us unfree; people of all ages, all
creeds, all religions, all from different classes indulge in “movies” and
“entertainment”, listen to popular music,
watch spectator sports and so on.
Such things are demoralising to the brain. People say they have the freewill to choose,
indeed, do they? These same people form
addictions, they become drug addicts, alcoholics, and they become obese because
they have a desire to eat saturated fats and so on. Therefore, people are able to choose and act
freely when these external factors are removed.
Some
people will not be satisfied I have answered all the questions sufficiently:
“what is it to act (or choose) freely”.
What is needed is the following: advertising, at least what is known as
advertising ought not to exist, for all advertising is based on deceit,
coercing people into buying items they do not really want. The media ought to be free also, and not
owned by conglomerates but owned and controlled by the public. Popular culture should be abolished outright,
so should all these crude celebrity magazines, education should be taught
independently, and not using brainwashing methods. Until this fair minimum is achieved, men and
women will not be able to act or chooses freely.
The
second question I would like to look at is “what is it to be morally
responsible for one’s actions (or choices)?” Well, this is an interesting
question. Take the sun-god worshipper as an example, what is their
morality? Their morality is written down
in a book, this morality is forced down their throat, so to speak, yet it is
not their morality either. They are
taught to think like slaves, not independently.
The morals they preach are not their own morals, it is almost they had a
frontal lobe lobotomy; part of the reason why individuals function this this
way is because it comes from years of brainwashing. Charlie Manson and David Koresh are two
shining examples of cult leaders who got their befuddled members to commit
unspeakable acts. At the time, these
people thought it was “right” and “moral” thing to do. These people, I do not believe, are
responsible for their own actions, in any other circumstance, say the group
believe in evil pixies, giant bunny rabbits floating in the clouds, jelly
monsters hovering over the trees. If
people say such things they would be deemed mad but religious fanaticism is
perfectly acceptable.
But
taking such people out of the equation, young children and those suffering from
prolonged mental illnesses, we should say these people are not responsible for
their own actions, but again, this is about free will, how can you be morally
responsible for your own actions? The
Israeli Defence Forces have a moral responsibility, yet it does not stop them
from torturing, raping and murdering Arabs, yet we all agree it is immoral to
do such things. It is true though they
are morally responsible. Even if they
were given direct orders to go into a Palestinian school and murder every
child, they would still be morally responsible.
Nevertheless, to some degree, we are all brainwashed to think, act or
behave a certain way but at the same time, we still have that moral
responsibility. The problem I am now having is connecting the two, it is untrue
I feel people do not have free will but a great many people should be able to
make moral judgements.
Indeed,
very few people would, if surrounded by everybody holding a particular view,
would not hold their own. They would
conform to society’s ills. The MP for
whatever political party he or she represents has no real free will, because
they must think as their party demands.
Winston Smith is a good example of this.
You could literally go through all sections of society, eliminate vast
amounts of people, and certainly say these people do not have free will,
because they are dead! Those of us that
do genuinely have free will should cherish it because it really is a gift.
However,
many in the workplace do not have free will because they are contaminated by
society, their mindless thoughts and opinions soon spread like a virus, and
where do they get their distorted information and views? They get it of the television and from
newspapers and public figures who tell epic lies right throughout the mass
media. Their thoughts are not clear but
capitalist society has destroyed them, it is these people who often watch
things they dislike, form addictions and have no way of stopping, they partake
in subcultural activities because all their friends replicate this and if they
did not they would be eliminated and disregarded by their friends and society generally. Free will is not possible in the modern
world.
10th January 2013
Fully disagree.
ReplyDeleteWhat free will means is can you rationally act in a premeditated manner of your own choosing. I don't want to say, the fact is, but all the evidence and experience in life leads one to believe you can.
Furthermore, pop music and sports are not without merit. One could legitimately make the argument that sports are one of the few things besides fire that make up what it means to be human, and the human brain is naturally tuned to enjoy certain melodies. There is nothing inherently wrong with enjoying either of these things. Of course if this is all you do, then you will have a limited life experientially, but they can be enjoyed without I'll effects.
Apologies for the delay. I have recently moved and broadband has just been installed, with the awful problems that come with it.
DeleteI did cite the definition from Routledge and carried the essay forward from there. In terms of popular culture, I do not find your comment surprising but at the same time absurd when you say 'you will have a limited life'. I thought the opposite would be the case.
I said "if that's all you enjoy" for specific reason. It's like if all you eat is always pasta, that doesn't mean that pasta isn't good, just simply, you're limiting yourself.
DeleteAs to definitions of concepts. You are allowed to disagree with them ;)
Some would say a soldier doesn't murder. I would say they do when in foreign lands when unprovoked. That's not murder technically, but in my mind it has all the characteristics. Also... my use of the term free will is how most modern compatabilists look at it.
Conditional freedom per se.
It's good to hear you're doing well.
I said "if that's all you enjoy" for specific reason. It's like if all you eat is always pasta, that doesn't mean that pasta isn't good, just simply, you're limiting yourself.
DeleteAs to definitions of concepts. You are allowed to disagree with them ;)
Some would say a soldier doesn't murder. I would say they do when in foreign lands when unprovoked. That's not murder technically, but in my mind it has all the characteristics. Also... my use of the term free will is how most modern compatabilists look at it.
Conditional freedom per se.
It's good to hear you're doing well.